Revolutions were periodically sparked in these parts of the world, whether because of middle- or lower-class discontent or as a form of protest against Western imperial influence. The nations of Latin America developed parliamentary governments in theory, but many slipped into dictatorial or military rule. A few, such as Japan and the Ottoman Empire, did so, developing parliamentary forms of monarchy by the start of the twentieth century. Other parts of the world were slower to move away from traditional regimes. Industrialization drove these changes as well. Afterward, Western nations followed various paths-revolutionary or reform oriented, faster or slower- toward greater democratization. This trend began in the West during the late 1700s with the American and French Revolutions. The hallmark of modern political life became greater popular representation. Artistic and literary styles change more rapidly and radically than ever before.ĪP World History: Modern - Broad Trends in Units 5&6ĭuring this era, the nation-state-a state-level community united in theory by a common ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural heritage-emerged as the leading form of political organization in more parts of the world, particularly in the West. In culture, a scientific, secular worldview becomes dominant. Societies urbanize, population growth accelerates, and large-scale migration becomes more prevalent. New classes expand or emerge, especially the middle class and industrial working class. In society, classes transform and old hierarchies break down, as hereditary aristocracies fade in favor of new elites deriving their status from wealth.A shift occurs from feudalism and mercantilism to capitalism (or alternatives such as socialism) as sectors of the economy, industry, and commerce grow in importance relative to traditional agriculture. In economics, industrialization becomes a driving force.The end result in most societies is a more open form of government or at least the appearance of greater openness. In politics, there is a move toward greater political representation.Different scholars identify these in different ways, but most agree on the following. In historical terms, it describes an era characterized by certain features. In popular terms, the word modern is used as a synonym for “contemporary” or as a way to describe one’s own times. What defines modernity is a question of debate among historians. AP World History: Modern - Overview of Units 5&6ĭuring the 1750–1900 period, the world entered the modern age.
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